Existentialism main ideas Essay Example

Existentialism main ideas Essay Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does. Jean-Paul Sartre states this, which happens to be one of the main ideas of an existentialists mind. Jean-Paul Sartre uses his play No Exit to show people the ideas of existentialism. Existentialism must first be defined before the ideas of it are shown. Those ideas are being aware of ones existence, freedom to make choices, to be responsible for ones actions and what they result in. The word Existentialism first appeared in 1941. It is a philosophy based on the situation of the individual in an absurd or meaningless world that humans have free will. Its roots are inside the works of S. Kierkegaard and F. Nietzsche. Sartre took it as a philosophy of human decision and views. It has been described as a Philosophical movement oriented toward two major themes, the analysis of human existence and the centrality of human choice.1 Others have also define it as a radical stress on the concept of identity. . ..2 Some has a more elaborate definition. . . .is the endeavor to understand man by cutting below the cleavage between subject and object which has bedeviled Western thought and science since shortly after the Renaissnce.3 However all of them tie into each other for the main idea is that as human beings; have free will to make choices, regardless of things that could otherwise stop us. We will write a custom essay sample on Existentialism main ideas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Existentialism main ideas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Existentialism main ideas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The chief theme of existentialism, of course, is existence itself. Flowers, animals, and stones all exist. But people exist in a different way.4. To Sartre, to exist meant to be. What he meant when he stated this is that in order to exist, you must first be aware of your existence. He compared this to the action of counting how many of something there is. Using this he said that in order to count, it is necessary to be aware of counting5 . He went further to help his thought make more sense by talking about pleasure and that Pleasure can not exist before consciousness of pleasure6 In other words, Something cant exist before there is an awareness that it exist (this includes actions , items , people and ones self) With Sartres ideas and views in mind, he uses all of them inside the book. It is found almost as if Sartre said it directly to the readers. One example is the character Inez, thinking and reflecting on what life meant to her. As she does this, she realizes that her life is what she had been. Inez: One always dies too soon or too late. And yet ones whole life is complete at that moment, with a line drawn neatly under it, ready for the summing up. You are your life, and nothing else.(p.43) Making a direct statement to an existentialism idea, it appears that Sartre didnt mean for his message to go without notice. He bluntly places brief ideas that are apart of existentialism. Using the idea of the fact that one cannot helped but to exist whether they are conscious of it or denying it, He makes the character Garcin try to pretend to not be in the room. Inez then reminds him that . . . You can nail up your mouth, cut your tongue out but you cant prevent your being there.(p22) Sartre very own definition of being is a bit harder to figure out . . .The individuals unique pattern of potentialities. and that those would be a unique pattern for this particular person.6 Inside the play , he uses this idea by showing the many outcomes that can come from the threesome being stuck in hell, including leaving it. All of them can be saved, given different things by each other, but because of each of them being what the other needs, clashes with the chance of being saved and no longer being torturer or tortured. It becomes apparent that the idea of existence is a large message inside the play, for it shows there is even existence after death. Sartre, aside from how he felt about existence, felt that freedom of choice by all means meant that everyone has the freedom to choose and pick how they wanted to live their lives. Sartre once stated that My fear is free and manifests my freedom7 What that meant is that he chose to have fear and thus choosing to have fear in itself reflects his freedom. Inside the book, all kinds of choices were made. Inez: Estelle! I beg you, let me stay. I wont go, I wont go! Not into the passage. Garcin: Let go of her Estelle: Youre crazy. She hates you. Garcin: Its because of her Im staying here. (p42) When Garcin pulled the door open, he had the choice to leave. This could have resulted in the end of the torment and wouldve in turn become free. But he picked to stay because he wanted Inez to view him as a tough (a strong, real man). They all stayed in turn because what they desired stayed, bound into one another because of what they wanted. All this is based on the principle that each individual chooses what he wishes to be and expresses his choice in every aspect of his behavior. . . 8 Another idea that existentialists believe came with freedom is the idea that freedom to choose scares individuals to the point of denial. Garcin: So its you whom I have to convince; you are my kind. Did you suppose I meant to go? No I couldnt leave you here, gloating over my defeat with all those thoughts about me running in your head (p42) This was in turn , showing the fact that when Garcin had been granted a way out of the room he had been damned to , he didnt want to leave and felt like he couldnt, although, he very well could have. His freedom, open to him just as he had wish to gain, looked him in the face and he threw the idea out the window. Garcin, saying that he couldnt show that he had the freedom to convince himself that he could not leave, Supported the idea showed by all the characters in the book that they try to escape from this anxiety by ignoring or denying their freedom . . .9 Sartre believes that in the changing of ones path by ones desires. He felt that ones desires are the limitations that are place on ones freedom. . . . I project myself towards my ends. The recovery of former motives or the rejection or new appreciation of them is not distinct from the project by which I assign new ends to myself and by which in the light of these ends I apprehend myself as discovering a supporting cause in the world10 This idea appeared inside the play as each of the characters interacts with one another. Each one, chasing after something only the other could give to them. For instance, the character Inez chases Estelle because she desires her. Inez, preferring the company of a woman, chased Estelle while Estelle, preferring the company of a man, ran from her. Inez: Come to me, Estelle. You shall be whatever you like: a glancing stream, a muddy stream. And deep down in my eyes youll see yourself just as you want to be. Estelle: Oh, leave me in peace. You havent any eyes. Oh, damn it, isnt there anything I can do to get rid of you? Ive an idea. [She spits in Inezs face] There!(p.34) The fact that Inez wants Estelle is what keeps her from being free of her torture and suffering. But because of her desires, she will be forever damned to be in this same situation. Same applied to Estelle as she chased Garcin. Estelle: [raising her hand] Please, Garcin. Garcin: What do you want of me? Estelle: [rises and goes up to him] You can help me, anyhow Garcin: If you want help, apply to her (p.31) Estelle only desired for a man to hold and kiss her. This being the bases of her torture, Garcin wanted nothing to do with her. This cycle remained only by the limits that each of them set on themselves. Cause and Effect are things we implicit inside our lives by nature. There is a basic understanding that when things happen, it also in turn, has an effect. With having freedom, comes the responsibility of our actions and choices. Sartre believed that in all moral choices, one has to uphold one moral and disobey another.11 Sartre showed that all characters inside of the book were responsible for their placement inside hell. Garcin: Let that be. Its only a side-issue. Im here because I treated my wife abominably. Thats all. (p24) some felt that responsibility is the dark side of freedom. When individuals realize they are completely responsible for their decisions, actions and beliefs, they are overcome with anxiety.12 But to be responsible for ones actions didnt mean that one had to see the outcome of them. This does not mean, of course, that one must foresee all the consequences of his actions. The emperor Constantine when he established himself at Byzantium, did not foresee that he would create a center of Greek culture and langaguage , the appearance of which would ultimately provoke a schism in the Christian Church and contribute to weaken the Roman Empire13 This just meant that you didnt have to know what the result would be in order to be responsible for your actions. This idea is one of the bigger themes inside the book as each character had been introduced; each of them denied that they deserved to be damned to hell. The group in turn, realizes the wrong doing that dealt them their fate, and accepted it. The acceptance of the reality of their damnation is the taking responsibility of the deeds done on earth. Yet they could have never foreseen that the result would be hell (no pun intended) Sartre showed, all throughout the book No Exit, very big and apparent messages that are existentialism views. Sartre showed that one must be aware of ones existence, freedom to make choices, to be responsible for ones actions and what they result in. Each character inside the play in turn showed all these ideas in different forms and actions. This brings alive the statement made by Sartre saying that Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does.

Ecosystems essays

Ecosystems essays Ecosystems: Populations and Succession- in May and June of 1988, after an extended drought, Yellowstone National Park was covered with a large number of fire because of lightning. Although the fires were devastating, nature had started its process of vegetation all over again within two weeks. As time progressed, so did vegetation. I. Populations Dynamics- each species in an ecosystem exists as a population * population equilibrium- a state of balance between births and deaths in a population A. Population Growth Curves- when the size of a population is plotted over time. Two basic kinds of curve can be seen: s-curves and j-curves. B. Biotic Potential versus Environmental Resistance- see definitions below * biotic potential- the inherent capacity of an organism or species to reproduce and survive * recruitment- the process of adding new individuals to a population or subpopulation (as of breeding individuals) by growth, reproduction, immigration, and stocking * reproductive strategies- to produce massive numbers of young, but then leave survival to the whims of nature is the first reproductive strategy, the second strategy is to have a much lower reproductive rate, but then care for and protect the young to enhance recruitment * exponential increase- the growth produced when a base population increases by a given percentages each year * population explosion- a pyramiding of numbers of a biological population; especially : the recent great increase in human numbers resulting from increased survival and exponential population growth * environmental resistance- the totality of factors such as adverse weather conditions, shortages of food or water, predators, and diseases that tend to cut back populations and keep them from growing or spreading * replacement level- the fertility rate that will just sustain a stable population * carrying capacity- the population (as of deer) that an area will support without unde...

Key Constitutional Concepts Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Key Constitutional Concepts - Movie Review Example Sawyer. This case is significant as it challenged President Trumans decision to take possession of the steel mills during the Korean War. I choose this particular Part Two: an Expanding People, Unit No. 10, Shaping America in the Antebellum Age, Chapter: Reforming Society, page 346, because the changing, industrialization of the US during 1830s invoked a ‘Second Great Awakening’. This awakening enveloped religious as well as secular social-reform movements and touched sensitive issues like womens rights to utopianism and temperance, Abolitionism and transcendentalism. However extensively contrasting beliefs and strategies, all of such movements shared a belief in the person an individual as the source of redemption and a yearning to rise to perfection as an individual as well as at society level. Similar attention on the importance of an individual may be observed in the movements of Andrew Jackson, who masked himself in the oratory of a "common man." While he was president, Jackson, faced many crisis but stood fast and repealed the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, an event that brought th e panic of 1837 couples with a seven-year depression In my opinion, the way everything unfolded, there couldn’t have been a better way. Yes, there were civil wars but that is part of the process. All of the bloodshed is an integral part of power transition. Right after the declaration of independence was signed, people knew that change has come and it’s their job to implement it in their lives. That was the demise of monarchy and kingdoms and the rise of